์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋กœ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ๊ธฐ

Linux Kernel โ€“ 4 Kernel system configuration๐Ÿง 

๋ผ์ฆˆ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด์—์„œ ์ปค๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด ํ™•์ธ

์ปค๋„ ๋ฒ„์ „ ํ™•์ธ

root@raspberrypi:/home/jinho# uname -r
6.12.25+rpt-rpi-v8

์ „์ฒด ์ปค๋„ ์ •๋ณด (์ปดํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฌ ํฌํ•จ)

root@raspberrypi:/home/jinho# uname -a
Linux raspberrypi 6.12.25+rpt-rpi-v8 #1 SMP PREEMPT Debian 1:6.12.25-1+rpt1 (2025-04-30) aarch64 GNU/Linux

CPU ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด

root@raspberrypi:/home/jinho# lscpu
Architecture:             aarch64
  CPU op-mode(s):         32-bit, 64-bit
  Byte Order:             Little Endian
CPU(s):                   4
  On-line CPU(s) list:    0-3
Vendor ID:                ARM
  Model name:             Cortex-A72
    Model:                3
    Thread(s) per core:   1
    Core(s) per cluster:  4
    Socket(s):            -
    Cluster(s):           1
    Stepping:             r0p3
    CPU(s) scaling MHz:   40%
    CPU max MHz:          1500.0000
    CPU min MHz:          600.0000
    BogoMIPS:             108.00
    Flags:                fp asimd evtstrm crc32 cpuid
Caches (sum of all):
  L1d:                    128 KiB (4 instances)
  L1i:                    192 KiB (4 instances)
  L2:                     1 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA:
  NUMA node(s):           1
  NUMA node0 CPU(s):      0-3
Vulnerabilities:
  Gather data sampling:   Not affected
  Itlb multihit:          Not affected
  L1tf:                   Not affected
  Mds:                    Not affected
  Meltdown:               Not affected
  Mmio stale data:        Not affected
  Reg file data sampling: Not affected
  Retbleed:               Not affected
  Spec rstack overflow:   Not affected
  Spec store bypass:      Vulnerable
  Spectre v1:             Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
  Spectre v2:             Vulnerable
  Srbds:                  Not affected
  Tsx async abort:        Not affected

์šด์˜์ฒด์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ„์ „

root@raspberrypi:/home/jinho# cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="12"
VERSION="12 (bookworm)"
VERSION_CODENAME=bookworm
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"

๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๋ณ„ ์ปค๋„ ์„ค์ • ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ ํ™•์ธ

root@raspberrypi:/home/jinho# ls /proc/device-tree/
'#address-cells'   chosen       fixedregulator_3v3   model                 regulator-sd-vcc   system
 aliases           clk-108M     fixedregulator_5v0   name                  reserved-memory    thermal-zones
 axi               clk-27M      gpu                  __overrides__         scb                timer
 cam0_clk          clocks       interrupt-parent     phy                   serial-number      v3dbus
 cam0_regulator    compatible   leds                 pmu                  '#size-cells'       zone_dma
 cam1_clk          cpus         memory@0             regulator-cam1        soc
 cam_dummy_reg     emmc2bus     memreserve           regulator-sd-io-1v8   __symbols__

ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก

root@raspberrypi:/home/jinho# lsmod
Module                  Size  Used by
mptcp_diag             12288  0
tcp_diag               12288  0
inet_diag              24576  2 tcp_diag,mptcp_diag
rfcomm                 53248  4
snd_seq_dummy          12288  0
snd_hrtimer            12288  1
snd_seq                81920  7 snd_seq_dummy
snd_seq_device         16384  1 snd_seq
cmac                   12288  3
algif_hash             12288  1
aes_arm64              12288  3
aes_generic            32768  1 aes_arm64
algif_skcipher         12288  1
af_alg                 28672  6 algif_hash,algif_skcipher
bnep                   24576  2
brcmfmac_wcc           12288  0
brcmfmac              360448  1 brcmfmac_wcc
brcmutil               24576  1 brcmfmac
hci_uart               49152  0
binfmt_misc            16384  1
btbcm                  24576  1 hci_uart
bluetooth             614400  33 hci_uart,btbcm,bnep,rfcomm
cfg80211             1003520  1 brcmfmac
ecdh_generic           16384  2 bluetooth
ecc                    36864  1 ecdh_generic
bcm2835_codec          45056  0
libaes                 12288  3 aes_arm64,bluetooth,aes_generic
bcm2835_v4l2           40960  0
bcm2835_isp            28672  0
rfkill                 32768  6 bluetooth,cfg80211
joydev                 24576  0
bcm2835_mmal_vchiq     36864  3 bcm2835_codec,bcm2835_v4l2,bcm2835_isp
rpi_hevc_dec           45056  0
vc_sm_cma              28672  2 bcm2835_mmal_vchiq,bcm2835_isp
v4l2_mem2mem           45056  2 bcm2835_codec,rpi_hevc_dec
videobuf2_dma_contig    20480  3 bcm2835_codec,rpi_hevc_dec,bcm2835_isp
raspberrypi_hwmon      12288  0
videobuf2_vmalloc      12288  1 bcm2835_v4l2
videobuf2_memops       12288  2 videobuf2_vmalloc,videobuf2_dma_contig
i2c_brcmstb            12288  0
videobuf2_v4l2         32768  5 bcm2835_codec,rpi_hevc_dec,bcm2835_v4l2,v4l2_mem2mem,bcm2835_isp
raspberrypi_gpiomem    12288  0
snd_bcm2835            24576  1
videodev              311296  6 bcm2835_codec,rpi_hevc_dec,videobuf2_v4l2,bcm2835_v4l2,v4l2_mem2mem,bcm2835_isp
videobuf2_common       73728  9 bcm2835_codec,videobuf2_vmalloc,rpi_hevc_dec,videobuf2_dma_contig,videobuf2_v4l2,bcm2835_v4l2,v4l2_mem2mem,videobuf2_memops,bcm2835_isp
mc                     61440  7 videodev,bcm2835_codec,rpi_hevc_dec,videobuf2_v4l2,videobuf2_common,v4l2_mem2mem,bcm2835_isp
nvmem_rmem             12288  0
i2c_dev                16384  0
ledtrig_pattern        12288  0
fuse                  163840  5
dm_mod                143360  0
ip_tables              32768  0
x_tables               49152  1 ip_tables
ipv6                  569344  52
vc4                   389120  13
snd_soc_hdmi_codec     20480  2
v3d                   180224  7
snd_soc_core          290816  2 vc4,snd_soc_hdmi_codec
snd_compress           20480  1 snd_soc_core
drm_shmem_helper       28672  1 v3d
gpu_sched              61440  1 v3d
snd_pcm_dmaengine      16384  1 snd_soc_core
snd_pcm               143360  5 snd_bcm2835,snd_soc_hdmi_codec,snd_compress,snd_soc_core,snd_pcm_dmaengine
snd_timer              36864  3 snd_seq,snd_hrtimer,snd_pcm
snd                   110592  14 snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_bcm2835,snd_soc_hdmi_codec,snd_timer,snd_compress,snd_soc_core,snd_pcm
drm_display_helper     24576  1 vc4
drm_dma_helper         24576  2 vc4
cec                    53248  1 vc4
drm_kms_helper        217088  3 drm_dma_helper,vc4,drm_shmem_helper
drm                   647168  19 gpu_sched,drm_kms_helper,drm_dma_helper,v3d,vc4,drm_shmem_helper,drm_display_helper
drm_panel_orientation_quirks    28672  1 drm
backlight              24576  2 drm_kms_helper,drm
uio_pdrv_genirq        12288  0
uio                    20480  1 uio_pdrv_genirq

๋ถ€ํŠธ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์…˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ์ปค๋„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธ

root@raspberrypi:/home/jinho# ls /boot
cmdline.txt                  initrd.img-6.12.25+rpt-rpi-2712  System.map-6.12.25+rpt-rpi-v8
config-6.12.25+rpt-rpi-2712  initrd.img-6.12.25+rpt-rpi-v8    vmlinuz-6.12.25+rpt-rpi-2712
config-6.12.25+rpt-rpi-v8    issue.txt                        vmlinuz-6.12.25+rpt-rpi-v8
config.txt                   overlays
firmware                     System.map-6.12.25+rpt-rpi-2712

์ค‘์š” ํŒŒ์ผ ์˜ˆ์‹œ:

kernel7.img (32bit ARMv7์šฉ)

kernel8.img (64bit ARMv8์šฉ)

config-6.1.21-v7l+ (ํ˜„์žฌ ์ปค๋„ ์„ค์ • ์ €์žฅ๋œ ํŒŒ์ผ)

๋ถ€ํŠธ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์…˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ์ปค๋„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธ

root@raspberrypi:/home/jinho# cat /proc/device-tree/model
Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.2